Objective: Stuttering is one of the most common speech disorders. However, its etiology is poorly understood, and is likely to be heterogeneous. Impairment of cognitive functions such as emotional memory and attention is one of the important factors. The aim of this research is to compare explicit and implicit memory between stutterers and normal individuals and also comparison of anxiety and depression between 2 groups. Materials & Methods: This is a case-control and analytical research. The participated individuals in this research were 30 male and female stutterers and the same number as the matched control group. The control group was matched for gender, age, education and bilingualism. The cue recall task performed to investigate explicit memory and the word stem completing task for implicit memory. The anxiety and depression of the individuals were measured by using general Hygiene Questionnaire (GHQ28) in this study. The performance of the individuals was measured based on positive and negative words in explicit and implicit memory and was compared with anxiety and depression score they obtained. Data was analyzed by using independent T-test, paired T-test, U-Man Witney and Willkaxon test. Results: The data indicated that stutterers recognized less emotionally positive words in explicit memory as compared with nonstutterers. Also, stutterers recognized more emotionally negative words as compared with emotionally positive words in explicit and implicit memory tasks (P<0/05). Additionally, stutterers showed more anxiety and depression as compared to nonstutterers. This difference was significant except for depression (P<0/001 & P>0.05). Conclusion: Taking into consideration the role of cognitive functions including emotional memory in motor speech programming and the difference in the function of positive versus negative emotional memories between stutterers and nonstutterers in this research, the role of emotional memory can be considered as an important factor in stutterers.

High gain Balun-low-noise-amplifier (LNA) is proposed for tuner of digital televisions (DTVs). The proposed Balun-LNA is based on CS-CG (common-source-common-gate) structure. To improve the isolasion and frequency response, Balun-LNA has cascode transistors before load resistors. Balun-LNA uses current-bleeding circuit to increasie transconductance of CS transistor, so that current-bleeding transistor has transconductance of N-1 times larger than transconductance of cascode transistor. Thereby, transconductance and current of CS transistor are increased N times, as N-1 times of current pass to current-bleeding transistor. Therefore current of CG and CS stages stay identical. Also, Balun-LNA employs a positive feedback to satisfy input impedance matching and CG transistor has higher transconductance. By increasing transconductance of CS and CG transistors, the proposed Balun-LNA achieves to high voltage gain. Accordingly, CG and CS tansistors have symmetrical currents and loads at the differential output of the proposed Balun-LNA. Symmetrical loads cause the balanced differential outputs. This proposed Balun-LNA is designed in 90-nm CMOS technology and covers the frequency range of 40 MHz to 1GHz. This Balun-LNA achieves the voltage gain of 22.6 dB, S11 of less than -10 dB and the Minimum NF of 5 dB. This Balun-LNA operates at the nominal supply voltage of 2.2v.

The present research tested the effectiveness of the Emotionally Focused Therapy to increase marital adjustment and positive feelings among couples suffered from extramarital relations. The sample included 12 clients. Treatment sessions were administered individually. Participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental or a control group. The Dyadic Adjustment Scale and Positive Feelings Questionnaire were administered with both groups. Experimental group received 9 sessions of EFT, while control group was on the waiting list. Results showed that from pre- to post-test there was a significant increase only in the marital adjustment of the experimental group. However, the EFT was more effective for female clients than the male clients.

The purpose of the present paper is to show the influence of English on the language of the people of Māhšhr, as a result of the encounter of the local people with the English who had come to Māhšahr after they hit oil in the city. This influence is especially noticeable in the areas of vocabulary and pronunciation. The writers try to show how English words are pronounced by the local people and to what extent English words are common in the city.  

Among the arguments presented to prove God is Seddiqin argument. The advantage of this argument to other arguments is that it does not use any creatures of God to prove the existence of God. Tow versions of this argument are Mulla Sadra's and Allameh Tabatabaee's. This paper depicts that these arguments - contrary to their apparent difference and common understanding - are not essentially different, and both - after admitting the principiality of existence - are nothing but reflection in the truth of absolute pure existence, the existence of which is an eternal necessity and thus necessary being. Furthermore the paper shows that Allameh Tabatabaee's argument is based on the principiality of existence and not on the principiality of reality. Also neither of the arguments is, in fact, an argument (becase they have no midle term). The Seddiqin argument is just a statement of the evidence of the existence of God.

Fragile words have been already considered in the context of automata groups. Here we focus our attention on a special class of strongly fragile words that we call Catalan fragile words. Among other properties, we show that there exists a one-to-one correspondence between the set of Catalan fragile words and the set of full binary trees.